Chlamydia research paper

Chlamydia is the most common bacterial sexually transmitted disease in the United States today. It is estimated that more than 4 million new cases occur each year in people of all ages, the majority of which is in young adults. This is not the case at all. People are spreading it around without even knowing that they have it.

Recommendations for the prevention and management of Chlamydia Chlamydia research paper infections, When using a NAAT, any sacrifice in performance when urine is substituted for a traditional swab specimen is limited, thus reducing dependence on invasive procedures and expanding the venues where specimens can be obtained.

NAATs can also detect both C. However, NAATs are usually more expensive than previous tests, making test performance from an economic perspective a key consideration.

This report updates the guidelines for selecting laboratory tests for C. In this report, screening refers to testing persons in the absence of symptoms or signs indicating C. In addition, these guidelines consider tests from an economic perspective and expand the previous guidelines to address detection of N.

Such approaches addressed in these guidelines are pooling of specimens before testing with a NAAT and additional testing of specimens whose non-NAAT test result is within a gray zone.

This Chlamydia research paper also addresses the need for additional testing after a positive screening test to improve the specificity of a final diagnosis. To prepare these guidelines, CDC staff identified pertinent concerns, compiled the related literature published during or later, prepared tables of evidence, and drafted recommendations.

Consultants, selected for their expertise or disciplinary and organizational affiliations, reviewed the draft recommendations. These final guidelines are the recommendations of CDC staff who considered contributions from scientific consultants.

These guidelines are intended for laboratorians, clinicians, and managers who must choose among the multiple available tests, establish standard operating procedures for collecting and processing specimens, interpret test results for laboratory reporting, and counsel and treat patients. Introduction An estimated 3 million Chlamydia trachomatis infections occur annually among sexually active adolescents and young adults in the United States 1.

The majority of persons with C. Consequently, screening is necessary to identify and treat this infection. Of these, the majority have symptoms that are too mild or nonspecific for them to seek medical treatment.

Regardless of symptom severity, the consequences of PID are severe. Among men, urethritis is the most common illness resulting from C. Among men who engage in receptive anal intercourse, the rectum is a common site of C. Rectal infections are usually asymptomatic, but can cause symptoms of proctitis or proctocolitis.

Also critical are the intangible costs, including the psychological and emotional injury caused by infertility and ectopic pregnancy.

As of Decemberall 50 states and the District of Columbia had enacted laws requiring the reporting of C. Reported rates of C. This increase is probably caused by a combination of factors, including an increased awareness of the need to screen women for C.

Introduction of large-scale screening programs e. InNeisseria gonorrhoeae was second in frequency only to C. The age distribution of N. Also similar to C. Rarely, local infection disseminates to cause an acute dermatitis tenosynovitis syndrome, which can be complicated by arthritis, meningitis, or endocarditis Also, similar to C.

After the introduction of a national control program in the mids, the overall rate of reported N. However, the rate increased by 8. Culture testing for C.

However, other tests have been needed because culture methods for C. Culture for either agent is associated with problems in maintaining the viability of organisms during transport and storage in the diverse settings in which testing is indicated.

Thus, diagnostic test manufacturers have developed nonculture tests that do not require viable organisms, including tests that can be automated.

The first nonculture screening tests for C. These antigen-detection tests were followed by nucleic acid hybridization tests, which detect C.

With the availability of these nonculture tests, screening programs for C.Identification of Microbial Pathogens Using Nucleic Acid Sequencing By Peter C.

Iwen, PhD, Associate Director, NPHL For more than years, Robert Koch’s postulate that required in part the cultivation of a. Emergency contraception offers women a last chance to prevent pregnancy after unprotected intercourse. aception is Emergency contr especially important for outreach to the million women at risk of pregnancy but not using a.

Since publication of CDC's guidelines (CDC. Recommendations for the prevention and management of Chlamydia trachomatis infections, MMWR ;42[No. RR]), nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) have been introduced as critical new tools to diagnose and treat C.

trachomatis and. Chlamydia Name Institution Professor Date Chlamydia Chlamydia is one of the most common sexually transmitted disease.

It is caused by a bacterium and infects both men and women. - Chlamydia Research from the center of disease control and prevention consistently shows Chlamydia as one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases in the United States. There is an estimated million people reported each year with Chlamydia (Carol Turkiington and Bonnie Lee Ashby).

Chlamydia is the most commonly reported infectious disease in the U.S., with the greatest prevalence in people younger than 25 (CDC, ). It is caused by the bacterium chlamydia trachomatis (Nair & Baguley, ).

Presenting Signs and Symptoms of Chlamydia. The signs and symptoms of chlamydia vary by the gender of the patient.